Europe was peaceful and civilized. Europe's achievement was depending on current painful experience: the horrors of two entire world wars; the lessons of dictatorship; the experiences of fascism and communism. Over all, it was depending on a feeling of European identity and common values – or so it appeared at time."[167]

Indisputably, the Lofoten Islands are Probably the most impressive sites we have already been. With rugged coastlines, modest harbors full of red fishing cabins, winding roads in the mountains, thrilling mountaineering trails, and beach locations that appear like they belong from the Caribbean, northern Norway is actually a delight to investigate.

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From his base in Prussia, Otto von Bismarck during the 1860s engineered a number of short, decisive wars, that unified a lot of the German states (excluding Austria) into a strong German Empire. By 1871 he utilised balance of electricity diplomacy to maintain Germany's new position and preserve Europe at peace.

Those that didn't conform ended up thought to invest eternity in hell or a specific time in purgatory exactly where their sins ended up burned away through a variety of tortures. A lot of people rejected the Church's vision, however, and these ended up branded as heretics and persecuted because of the Church commencing Together with the Paulicians from the seventh-ninth century.

Europe’s boundaries are actually In particular uncertain, and for this reason Considerably debated, over the east, in which the continent merges, with out sundering physical boundaries, with aspects of western Asia. The eastward restrictions now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus area and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, exactly where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian Coastline is connected to that from the Urals by Kazakhstan’s Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, on their own a southern extension of the Urals. Among the choice boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained broad acceptance is actually a plan that sees the crest in the Better Caucasus variety given that the dividing line involving Europe and Asia, positioning Ciscaucasia, the northern A part of the Caucasus area, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern section, in Asia.

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Soon after First allied successes, the lengthy war developed a army stalemate and ended Together with the Treaty of Utrecht, which was based upon a equilibrium of ability in Europe. Historian Russell Weigley argues that the numerous wars Pretty much in no way achieved greater than they Value.[seventy two] British historian G. M. Trevelyan argues:

The First impulse at the rear of these dispersed maritime empires and those that followed was trade. The two the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire rapidly grew into the main world-wide political and economic techniques with territories spread all over the world.

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On this larger slice of the European topographical map you can Obviously see the major rivers of central Europe, in addition to the Alps that slice by way of Austria and Switzerland.

Europe was well known for the Phoenicians who on a regular basis sailed as much north as Cornwall in Britain to trade in tin, Nevertheless they only realized ports together the coastline, nothing at all of the interior and, In line with Greek writers, Europe was viewed as being a "dim continent" of mystery.

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